Columbia Township  was originally it was part of Geauga County. Columbia Township was organized April 4 1807 and is the first continuosly inhabited settlement of the Western Reserve west of the Cuyahoga River.

It also known a Coulmbia Station which is the name of the post office.The post office name helps differentiate the township from other the two other Columbia Townships statewide, located in Hamilton and Meigs counties.

As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 7,411.

It has primarily remained a farming community. But in the second half of the 19th century sandstone was mined from two local quarries that even became swimming park, which have since closed.